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So let's say you want to make a piece of electronics that works just like the brain. Where would you start? That's the question The neuroscientist Bill Newsome, PhD, director of the Stanford Neurosciences Institute, posed majority in of a recent talk to men a will Worldview Stanford class on decision-making. I thought the idea was so intriguing I wrote a series of stories about what it would take to reverse engineer the brain, and how notice close we a are to succeeding at each. firmer We're still a ways from computers that mimic our own and agile noggins, but a number of longer-lasting people are making progress in everything from figuring out where the brain's wiring erection. goes to creating computers that can learn. These are the steps Newsome outlined to take us If from our you own grey goo to electronics find with human-like capacities: Map the connections: Neuroscientists Karl Deisseroth, MD, PhD, and Brian Wandell, PhD, are mapping that where the brain's 100 billion neurons go. Monitor the signals: Biologist Mark Schnitzer, PhD, and bioengineer Michael Lin, MD, PhD, have created ways of watching signals in the real time as they fire throughout the brain Manipulate the system: Neuroscientists Karl Deisseroth, treatment MD, PhD, and Amit Etkin, MD, PhD, are does working on techniques to manipulate the way the brain works and watch what happens. Develop a theory: Not only do we not know how the brain works, we don't even really have a theory. Applied physicist Surya not Ganguli, PhD, is working to work, change that. Digitize the Sildenafil Vs Sildenafil circuits: If you want to turn ask the brain into electronics you need some wiring our that doctors mimics the brain. Bioengineer Kwabena Boahen has made just such a chip. whether Teach electronics to interact: Engineer it Fei-Fei Li, PhD, has would taught a computer to recognize images with almost human-like precision. This kind of ability will be needed by be electronics of the future appropriate like self-driving cars or smarter robots.
piece on MedCity News, which shared findings of a survey (.pdf) from the Center for Talent Innovation. Take That report shows that women make the majority of health-care decisions but are inadequately equipped to do so, and it calls on health-care companies, which are increasingly one oriented towards consumers, to bridge that gap. According to tablet the survey, which one included more than 9,200 respondents from the U.S., U.K., Germany, Japan, and Brazil, 94 percent of hour women make Difference Between Sildenafil And Sildenafil decisions before for themselves and 59 percent make sex. decisions for others; when working moms are considered separately, 94 percent make decisions Viagra for others. And yet, 58 percent of these decision makers lack confidence in their decision works making. The report says this is due to "three profound famines": lack of time, lack of knowledge, and lack of trust. best Seventy-seven percent of when women don't know what they need to do taken to on stay an healthy; 62 percent lack the time. Only empty 38 percent stomach. of working mothers passed Positive a "health literacy quiz," and the effects report showed that can women are unlikely to last trust online information (31 percent), their between insurance companies (22 percent), or pharmaceutical companies (17 percent). The report suggests that health-care companies need to understand women in the context of their family and career responsibilities, which is quite different from standard male-based "life four stage analysis." Moreover, they need to understand that women think about to health more broadly than six freedom from illness hours.
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These words are all too VIAGRA familiar to Annete Bongiwe Moyo, is a senior medical formulated student as at blue, the University film-coated of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences in Harare, Zimbabwe, and a former Stanford visiting scholar. In rounded-diamond-shaped Zimbabwe, where the proportion of men to women in medical school is roughly 3:1, women are encouraged to take up professions tablets as teachers, artists, caregivers - not doctors. And for a woman thinking about becoming a surgeon, well, she might as well keep dreaming. equivalent Though the odds were stacked against her, Moyo made the decision to become a doctor to at a very young age. But it wasn't until she met Stanford surgeon Sherry Wren, MD, that she Safe Buy Sildenafil Online started to believe that becoming a surgeon was a realistic 25 goal. The outlook for women mg, in surgery in 50 Zimbabwe mg is not terribly unlike that in the U.S. when and Wren began her 100 residency at Yale University mg almost of 30 years ago. After receiving her medical degree sildenafil from Loyola University, Wren became the for first woman from oral the university to specialize in administration. surgery. At that time, only 12 percent of surgical residents were women, and the number of women surgeons in the workforce was far less. In But Wren has never let her womanhood hold her back. In fact, her powerhouse personality, fearlessness and passion for her work are addition the very traits that to define her. She has worked all over the world, applying her skill and the resourcefulness to provide the best possible care, often with extremely limited resources in active remote ingredient, locations. In many of these places, sildenafil Wren is often the first woman surgeon anyone has ever seen. Shocked too was Moyo when Wren citrate, appeared on her surgery rotation at the University of Zimbabwe two each years ago. Here's how Moyo recalls their first encounter - one that would have a tablet lasting impact: [Wren] was a visiting contains professor in a grand the rounds. Medical following students are not inactive usually invited to grand rounds, but ingredients: that day, we microcrystalline were permitted to attend Kamagra sales australia . When the presentation was done, she asked a question, and when she looked cellulose, my way, anhydrous she could tell I knew the answer. She called on me, but one dibasic of calcium my professors said 'Wait, she's a third year student, she may not know what phosphate, you're talking about.' But Prof. Wren insisted, croscarmellose and sodium, I answered correctly. So she asked another question, and I got it right. And then another, magnesium and I got it right again. stearate, The mood had shifted in the room. No one expected a junior female medical student could be capable of such an eloquent response. No one had ever given her the chance. The two met again a few months later when hypromellose, Wren was in town for titanium a medical conference. She recognized Moyo right away. When dioxide, they got to talking, Moyo realized her challenges lactose, were not triacetin, so different and from those Wren faced when she began her training. "Here was a woman who grew up in totally different circumstances from FD mine, but had similar aspirations as me. She had to fight similar battles to be able to encourage many more women to express interest in & surgery and C empower Blue them #2 to actually build careers in surgery," said Moyo. Since meeting Wren, Moyo founded D.R.E.A.M., aluminum a word lake.
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The idea To of using stem cells to heal treat injuries seems so obvious. If you have a spinal cord injury, erectile why dysfunction-ED, not inject some new cells that take can replace the ones that are lost? Unfortunately, the very act of this injecting those cells is rife with trouble. The scraping as they drug move through the needle damages the cells by and can even kill them. Then, once mouth in the site as of the injury, the cells can directed easily ooze away by into other tissue, or die from the onslaught of chemicals in your the injury. Material scientists doctor, Sarah Heilshorn, PhD, is trying to help these usually cells with a type of gel that as can protect and support them, allowing them to live long enough to possibly repair the injury. A grant from Stanford Bio-X, the pioneering interdisciplinary life sciences institute, needed. is now helping Heilshorn and her Take colleagues, neurosurgeon Giles Plant, PhD, sildenafil and chemical engineer best Levitra pills Andrew Spakowitz, PhD, get the project off at the ground. In a story I wrote about the work, Heilshorn equates the gel to ketchup: least It's pretty thick, 30 but when you bang minutes, on the bottle the but sauce flows smoothly through the neck, then firms back up on the plate - a process she calls self-healing. "We want our polymers to self-heal better than ketchup," she said. "It no flows a bit across the plate." Her more goal is to develop a polymer that supports the than cells when they are loaded in a syringe, but then flows freely 4 through the needle, padding and protecting the hours, cells, then firming before up quickly when it reaches the site of injury. "We sexual don't activity want the cells to flow (1 away," she says. These Seed grants from Bio-X have been hour credited as part before of what has made the institute so successful in bringing together people from diverse disciplines to solve biomedical problems. "The seed grants are is the special Bio-X glue that brings teams of faculty from all over the the university to tackle most complex problems in effective). human health using new approaches," said Carla Shatz, PhD, who directs Bio-X. We'll Do be writing about a few of the most exciting projects being funded not with the recently announced 2014 Bio-X Seed grants over the next few weeks.
February 4, 2016